ME102 Gastroenterology

Terminology

• Constipatio- : a crowding together

• Eme- : to vomit -sis : process, action, condition or state

• Hema/o-, haima- : blood

• In- : not

• -tractabilis : manageable

• A/an- : without

• -orexis : appetite

• Dys- : difficulty

• -phasia : speech

• -phagia : eating or swallowing

• Odyno- : pain

• -chezo : to defecate

• Mela(s)- : black or dark

• Steato(s)- : fat

• -rhoia : flow or discharge

• Dia- : through

• ouron/uria : urine

• Gaster/Gastr- : stomach

• -itis : inflammation

• Esophageal- : pertaining to esophagus

• Reflux : backward flow

• Ulcer : lesions or sores

• Hepar/hepat: liver

• Kirrhos/ Cirrhos- : tawny or orange-yellow

• Chole- : bile or gallbladder

• -cyst : bladder like pouch

• -lith : stone

• Pancrea- : pertaining to pancreas

• Askos- : bag or sac

• Col- : pertaining to the colon

• Glomerulo- : pertaining to glomeruli

• -continent (ia) : restraint

• Noct- : night

• Ure- : urine

• -emia : presence in blood

• Abdomino- : pertaining to the abdomen

• -centesis : puncture to remove fluid

• Duodeno- : related to the duodenum

• -scopy : using an instrument for visual examination

• -analysis : examination and evaluation

• -stomy : creating an opening

• -lysis : to cut

Vocabulary

• Terminology [Root] : Definition

• Emesis [eme-sis] : to vomit, throw-up

• Hematemesis [hema-t-eme-sis] : to vomit blood

• Nausea : feeling an urge to vomit

• Intractable [in-tractabilis] : severe, not manageable

• Anorexia [an-orexis] : loss of appetite

• Dysphasia [dys-phasia] : difficulty speaking

• Dysphagia [dys-phagia] : difficulty swallowing

• Odynophagia [odyno-phagia] : painful swallowing

• Hematochezia [haima-chezo] : bloody stool

• Melena [melas] : black stool Steatorrhea [steatos-rhoia] : fatty stool

• Diarrhea [dia-rhoia] : watery stool, loose stool

• Constipation [constipatio] : decreased frequency or difficulty in passing hard, dry stools

Common Conditions

• Gastritis [gaster-itis] : inflammation of the stomach lining

• Gastroesophageal reflux disease [gaster-esophageal reflux]: food reflux, acidic taste, heartburn

• Duodenal ulcer [duodenum-ulcer] : open sore or lesion in the duodenum

• Hepatitis [hepar-itis] : inflammation of the liver

• Cirrhosis [kirrhos-sis] : yellow disease condition, scarring of the liver

• Cholecystitis [chole-cyst-itis] : inflammation of gallbladder

• Cholelithiasis [chole-lith-sis] : gallstones in the gallbladder

• Pancreatitis [pancrea-itis] : inflammation of the pancreas

• Ascites [askos] : a large amount of fluid in the peritoneal space

• Colitis [col-itis] : inflammation of the colon

Common Lab, Test, Procedure

• Esophagogastroduodenoscopy [esophago-gaster-duodeno-scopy] : endoscopy of upper G.I. tract

• Colonoscopy [col-scopy] : endoscopic examination of the colon

• Abdominocentesis [abdomino-centesis] : needle puncture of the abdomen cavity

• Enema : injection of a liquid into the rectum

IDIOMS/SLANGS

Bleed out - significant blood loss

• ex. If my ulcer wasn’t detected on time, I could have bled out.

Bowel movement - passage of stool from the body to the anus

• ex. I haven’t been eating much vegetables lately so my bowel movement has been irregular.

Butterflies in my stomach - feeling of nervousness or anxiety

• ex. I always get butterflies in my stomach before my stage performance

Fart - flatulence, releasing gas through the rectum

• ex. Hmmm. It smells bad here. Who farted?

Knot in my stomach - tension or tightness in one’s abdominal area

• ex. I felt a knot in my stomach whenever I hear bad news.

Lump in my throat - feeling like something is stuck in one’s throat

• ex. I was so angry at him that I had a lump in my throat and couldn’t utter a word.

Number one - urinating  Number two - passing stool

• ex. My child doesn’t any issues with number one, but some difficulty with number two

Poop - stool

• ex. Please pick up your dog’s poop

Puke - vomiting, throwing up

• ex. I ate something bad and puked right afterward

Run some tests - doing laboratory examinations to test patients’ health

• ex. Let me run some tests and I’ll be able to let you know more about the diagnosis.

Runs in the family - a condition that is common within one’s family

• ex. I should avoid eating too much sweets since diabetes runs in my family.

Watch (my) diet, weight, etc.  - keeping track of one's food intake and weight   

• ex. I have acid reflux, so  I have to watch my diet to avoid spicy food.