ME102 Pediatrics

By Ivy Vo

Roots

• Adolescere - to grow up or mature

• Men- : monthly or menstruation

• A/An- : without or lack of

• -ation : action or process

• -ology/atology : field of study or science

• Atop- : on or over

• Bili- bile

• -rubin- : reddish

• Bronch- : bronchi

• Bronchiol- : bronchioles

• Bul-imia- : ox hunger

• Caput : head

• Cephalo- : head

• Constip- : to press or crowd together

• Contra- : against or opposite

• -copresis : feces

• Depress- : to press down or lower

• Dermat- : skin

• Dys- : difficulty or impairment

• Ejaculat- : to throw out

• -emia : condition of the blood

• En- : in

• -enter- : intestines

• Erect- : to raise

• Gastro- : stomach

• Gestatio- : carrying or bearing

• Heme/hema- : blood

• Hepat- : liver

• Hyper- : excessive or above

• -ia : medical condition or state

• -iatr : doctor

• Intra- : within or inside

• -ion : action, process or result

• -is : condition or state

• -ism : condition or state

• -itis : inflammation

• Laryng- : larynx

• -lex- : word or speech

• Mening- : meninges

• -menorrhea : monthly flow

• Menstru- : month

• -morphia : shape or form

• Neo- : new or young

• Neonato : newborn

• Nephr- : kidneys

• Nervosa : nerve or nervous

• -oma : mass

• Oral : mouth

• -orexia : appetite or desire

• -orrhea : flow or discharge

• -osis : medical condition or state

• Pais/ped- : child

• Pedicul- : louse

• Pharyng- : pharynx

• -phoria : difficult to bear

• Pneumo- : lungs

• Pre- : earlier than normal

• Priap- : fertility

• Psych- : mind or soul

• Pyel- : renal pelvis

• Seps- : decay or infection

• -tion : action, process, or result

• Tracheo- : trachea

• -uresis : urinate

• -uterine : uterus

Vocabulary

General Terminology

• Terminology [Root] : Definition

• Pediatrics [ped-iatr-ics] : medicine for infants, children, and adolescents

• Pediatrician [ped-iatr-ician] : doctor who specializes in pediatrics

• Neonatal [neonato] : time after birth

• Neonatology [neo-n-atology] : branch of medicine for newborn infants

• Neonatologist [neonato-logist] : doctor that specializes in caring for newborn infants

• Adolescent [adolescere] : people in the stage of development between childhood and adulthood

• Adolescence [adolescere] : the stage of development between childhood and adulthood

Common terms and conditions in newborns

• Fetus : stage of prenatal development after embryonic stage and before birth

• Gestation [gestatio-n] : period of time when mother carries the offspring within the uterus

• Gestational age : age of a fetus or newborn infant

• Term newborn : an infant born at or after 37 weeks but before 42 weeks of gestation

• Preterm/premature [pre-term]: newborn born before 37 weeks of gestation

• Vaginal delivery : giving birth to a baby through the vagina

• Cesarean section : delivering a baby by making an incision in the mother’s abdomen and uterus

• Umbilical cord : cord that connects fetus to the placenta in the mother’s womb

• Vernix : coats the skin of newborn baby in the womb

• Meconium : earliest stool passed by a newborn infant

• Sutures : surgical threads used to close a wound or incision

• Fontanelle : gap between the bones of the infant’s skull

• Head molding : temporary shaping and deformation of the newborn’s skull during birth

• Cephalohematoma [cephalo-hema-t-oma] : collection of blood between skull bone and periosteum

• Caput succedaneum [caput -succedaneum] : swelling or edema on a newborn’s scalp during birth

• Hyperbilirubinemia [hyper-bilirubin-emia] : elevated bilirubin in the blood

• Cerebral palsy : neurological disorder that affects movement, muscle tone, and coordination

Common terms in infant and toddler

• Breast milk : milk produced by the mother’s breasts

• Infant formula : commercially prepared alternative for breast milk

• Weaning : gradually introducing foods and decreasing breast milk

• Infant reflux/GERD : backward flow of stomach contents into the esophagus

• Infant colic : Frequent, prolonged and intense crying or fussiness in a healthy infant

• Developmental milestones : expected physical or behavioral signs of development

• Developmental delay : a child being less developed mentally or physically than normal

• Toilet training : training of toddlers to use the bathroom independently

• Temper tantrum : training of toddlers to use the bathroom independently

• Stranger anxiety : fear of strangers, can be normal behaviors of infants

• Separation anxiety : fear of being separated from caretakers

• Immunization, vaccine : making a person immune to infection

• Growth chart : graphical representation of the distribution of physical growth values

• Failure to thrive : failure to grow or to gain or maintain weight

• Atopic dermatitis [atop-ic dermat-itis] : skin condition with inflammation of the skin due an irritant

• Diaper dermatitis [diaper dermat-itis] : inflammation of the skin of the diaper area

Common terms and conditions in school-age children

• Enuresis [en-uresis] : involuntary release of urine

• Encopresis [en-copresis] : involuntary passage of feces

• Constipation [constip-ation] : infrequent or difficult passage of feces

• Pediculosis [pedicul-osis] : infestation of lice

• Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) : disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity

• Learning disability : neurological disorder that affects a person’s ability to learn

• Dyslexia [dys-lex-ia]: difficulties with accurate and fluent word recognition and spelling

Common terms and conditions in adolescences

• Puberty : period of development in which a child matures into an adult

• Menstruation [menstru-ation] : process in which the lining of the uterus is shed through the vagina

• Amenorrhea [a-men-orrhea] : absence of menstruation

• Dysmenorrhea [dys-men-orrhea] : painful menstrual periods or menstrual cramps

• Erection [erect-ion] : penis becomes enlarged, firm, and erect

• Ejaculation [ejaculat-ion] : expelling semen from the penis

• Priapism [priap-ism] : persistent and painful erection of the penis

• Erectile dysfunction [erect-ile dys-funct-ion] : inability to maintain an erection for intercourse

• Sexually transmitted disease (STD) : disease that is transmitted through sexual activity

• Contraception [contra-cep-tion] : use of techniques to prevent pregnancy

• Condom : a barrier worn over the penis to prevent pregnancy

• Oral contraception [oral contra-cep-tion] : medication taken by mouth to prevent pregnancy

• Birth control implant : a rod placed in the upper arm to prevent pregnancy

• Intrauterine device (IUD) [intra-uterine device] : device inserted in the uterus to prevent pregnancy

• Depression [depress-ion] : persistent feelings of sadness

• Suicide : killing oneself

• Panic attack : sudden episode of intense fear or discomfort

• Psychosis [psych-osis] : disconnection from reality

• Substance abuse : harmful use of drugs and/or alcohol

• Illicit drugs : substances that are illegal to have, create, or distribute without prescription

• Recreational drugs : substances used for non-medical purposes

• Vaping : inhaling and exhaling vapor with nicotine and flavorings

• Anorexia nervosa [an-orexia nervosa] : intense fear of gaining weight, causing restricted eating and excessive exercise

• Bulimia nervosa [bulimia nervosa] : recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by vomiting or laxatives

• Gender dysphoria [gender dys-phoria] : conflict between one’s biological sex and gender identity

• Body dysmorphia [body dys-morphia] : obsession with one’s flaws in their appearance

Common infectious diseases in pediatrics

• Upper respiratory tract infection (URI) : infection affecting the upper respiratory system

• Influenza : the flu, caused by influenza viruses

• Allergic rhinitis : hay fever, allergic inflammation of the nasal passages

• Pharyngitis [pharyng-itis] : inflammation of the pharynx

• Otitis media : inflammation of the middle ear

• Bronchiolitis [bronchiol-itis] : inflammation and swelling of the bronchioles

• Laryngotracheobronchitis [laryng-tracheo-bronch-itis] : inflammation of the larynx, trachea and bronchi

• Pneumonia [pneumon-ia] : inflammation of the lung tissue

• Meningitis [mening-itis] : inflammation of the meninges

• Sepsis [seps-is] : widespread inflammation throughout the body

• Urinary tract infection (UTI) : infection of any part of the urinary system

• Pyelonephritis [pyel-o-nephr-itis] : a type of UTI characterized by inflammation of the renal pelvis

• Gastroenteritis [gastro-enter-itis] : inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract

• Hepatitis [hepat-itis] : inflammation of the liver

• Measles : viral infection caused by the measles virus, characterized by red, raised rashes and a fever

• Rubella : viral infection caused by the rubella virus, characterized by fever, sore throat, runny nose, and swollen lymph nodes

• Mumps : viral infection caused by the mumps virus, characterized by fever, headache, muscle ache, and fatigue

• Varicella : chicken pox, characterized by a rash that forms itchy blisters on the skin

• Pertussis : whooping cough

• Tetanus : lockjaw, due to muscle stiffness and spasms in the jaw muscles

• Scarlatina : scarlet fever, characterized by a rash that appears as tiny red bumps

• Diphtheria : bacteria that affects the respiratory system, causing sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and membrane around the throat and tonsils

• Poliomyelitis : polio, disease spread through the fecal-oral route

• Gonorrhea : an sexually transmitted infection (STI) that causes discharge from the penis or vagina, pain or burning during urination, and genital irritation

• Chlamydia : an STI that causes abnormal genital discharge, burning during urination, and genital itching

• Syphilis : an STI that causes a sore at the site of infection, followed by rashes on the palms and soles of the feet

• Human Papillomavirus : STI viruses that affect the skin and mucous membranes of humans, causing genital warts and some types of cancer

• Herpes Simplex Virus : STI viruses including oral herpes, genital herpes, and other infections

• Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) : the HIV virus that targets CD4 cells, and could lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Idioms/Slangs

Baby fat - extra fat present in infants and young children

• ex. The pediatrician reassured that the chubby cheeks were just baby fat.

Birds and bees - explanation of reproduction and sexuality

• ex. The parent had the birds and bees talk with their child.

Boo-boo - a bruise or a scrape

• ex. The kid got a boo-boo when he fell off his bike.

Booster shot - additional dose of a vaccine after the initial dose to boost the immune response

• ex. Your child needs a booster shot for tetanus around 4-6 years old.

Growing pains - discomfort or pain experienced during periods of rapid growth

• ex. It is common for children to have growing pains during growth spurts.

Growth spurt - rapid increase in a child’s height and weight

• ex. Alex had a growth spurt over winter break and came back to school taller!

Picky eater - children who are selective about the foods they eat

• ex. The parents were concerned for their child’s weight because she is a picky eater.

Tummy-ache - discomfort or pain in the abdominal area

• ex. The child had a tummy-ache because they ate too much.

Tummy time - placing infants on their stomachs to strengthen their neck and shoulders

• ex. The doctor recommended tummy time to promote healthy development.